Fibromyalgia and
ankylosing spondylitis are two conditions that can cause chronic pain,
stiffness, and fatigue. Because of their overlapping symptoms, they are sometimes
confused, leading to delays in diagnosis or inappropriate treatments. However, these
conditions have distinct causes,
diagnostic features, and management approaches. Understanding how they differ
is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective care. This comprehensive
guide explores seven key differences between fibromyalgia and
ankylosing spondylitis to help patients and healthcare providers distinguish
between these complex disorders.
1. Underlying Cause of the Condition
Fibromyalgia is
primarily considered a central nervous system disorder related to abnormal pain
processing. It involves increased sensitivity in how the brain and spinal cord
interpret pain signals, resulting in widespread musculoskeletal pain without
inflammation or tissue damage.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease
that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is part of a group
of conditions called spondyloarthropathies. The immune system mistakenly
attacks healthy
tissue, causing inflammation, pain, and over time, possible fusion of the
spine. This inflammatory process can lead to structural changes that are not
seen in fibromyalgia.
2. Presence of Inflammation and Structural Damage
A major difference between the two conditions is
inflammation and its consequences. Ankylosing spondylitis causes inflammation that can be
detected on imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans. Over time, this
inflammation can lead to new bone formation and fusion of spinal vertebrae,
reducing flexibility and causing permanent changes.
Fibromyalgia does
not cause inflammation, joint damage, or structural abnormalities. The pain in fibromyalgia comes
from altered nervous system processing rather than visible tissue changes. This
is why imaging and lab tests for fibromyalgia are
usually normal.
3. Diagnostic Markers and Testing
Ankylosing spondylitis can often be supported by
objective findings. Many people with this condition test positive for the
HLA-B27 gene marker, although its presence alone does not confirm the disease.
Imaging may reveal sacroiliitis, spinal changes, or fusion.
Fibromyalgia does
not have specific biomarkers or imaging findings. Diagnosis is made based on
clinical criteria, which include widespread pain lasting at least three months,
along with other symptoms such
as fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties. Tests are used
primarily to rule out other causes of
pain.
4. Pattern and Location of Pain
The pattern of pain differs between fibromyalgia and
ankylosing spondylitis. Fibromyalgia causes widespread pain that can
affect muscles and soft tissues throughout the body. Pain is often described as
aching or burning and may shift from one area to another.
Ankylosing spondylitis pain typically begins in the lower
back and buttocks due to sacroiliac joint inflammation. The pain often improves
with exercise and
worsens with rest, especially at night or in the early morning. Over time, the
pain may progress up the spine and affect other joints.
5. Onset and Progression of Symptoms
Fibromyalgia can
develop at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged adults. It
usually develops gradually, often triggered by stress, trauma, or infections.
The symptoms may fluctuate over time
but do not cause joint destruction or spinal fusion.
Ankylosing spondylitis often begins in late adolescence
or early adulthood, typically before the age of 40. It is a progressive
disease, meaning it tends to worsen over time. If untreated, it can lead to
significant stiffness, spinal fusion, and disability.
6. Response to Physical Activity
Physical activity tends to affect these conditions
differently. People with fibromyalgia may
find that excessive activity can worsen pain, and they often need to balance exercise with
rest. Gentle, low-impact movements such as stretching or water-based exercises are
usually best tolerated.
In ankylosing spondylitis, physical activity is essential
for managing symptoms.
Regular exercise helps
reduce stiffness, improve posture, and slow the progression of spinal fusion.
Resting too much can actually increase pain and stiffness in ankylosing
spondylitis.
7. Treatment Approach
The treatments for
these conditions differ due to their distinct causes. Fibromyalgia
management focuses on symptom relief and includes lifestyle modifications,
stress management, gentle exercise, sleep
improvement, and medications that affect pain processing, such as certain
antidepressants or anticonvulsants.
Ankylosing spondylitis treatment aims to control
inflammation and prevent joint damage. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are
often first-line therapy. In
more severe cases, biologic medications that target specific immune system
components are used. Physical therapy and
regular exercise are crucial
parts of care.
Conclusion
While fibromyalgia and
ankylosing spondylitis can both cause chronic pain and
fatigue, they are distinct conditions with different causes, diagnostic features, and
treatments. Recognizing these key
differences is essential for receiving the right diagnosis and appropriate
care. If you experience chronic pain or
stiffness, seeking evaluation by a healthcare provider familiar
with both conditions can help guide you toward the correct diagnosis and a plan
tailored to your needs. Understanding the nature of your condition is the first
step toward better management and improved quality of life.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a person have both fibromyalgia and
ankylosing spondylitis
Yes it is possible to have both conditions. This can make diagnosis and
management more complex and requires a thoughtful and individualized treatment
plan.
How is morning stiffness different between the two conditions
Morning stiffness in fibromyalgia tends
to be more generalized and may last for a shorter period while ankylosing
spondylitis often causes
prolonged stiffness in the lower back and buttocks that improves with movement.
Do imaging tests help diagnose fibromyalgia
No imaging tests are not used to diagnose fibromyalgia as
there are no structural changes. They are mainly used to rule out other
conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis.
Does ankylosing spondylitis always lead to spinal fusion
Not always. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment many people can
manage the disease and prevent or slow spinal fusion.
Should people with fibromyalgia avoid exercise
No exercise can be
beneficial for fibromyalgia if
done gently and balanced with rest. The key is to choose low-impact activities
that do not trigger flare-ups.
For More Information Related to Fibromyalgia Visit below sites:
References:
Join Our Whatsapp Fibromyalgia Community
Click here to Join Our Whatsapp Community
Official Fibromyalgia Blogs
Click here to Get the latest Chronic illness Updates
Fibromyalgia Stores
Comments
Post a Comment